Validation

vee-validate handles complex validations in a very easy way, it supports synchronous and asynchronous validation and allows defining rules on the field-level or the form level using validation schemas with built-in support for yup.

You will be using the following components to validate your forms:

• A Field component represents a single form input and can be used to render any kind of HTML elements or Vue components.
• A Form component that renders a form. Do not confuse the <Form> tag with the HTML <form> tag.
• An ErrorMessage component that displays an error message for a field, you don't have to use it as there are many ways to render error messages.

Here is the most simple example in action:

See the Pen Basic Example by Abdelrahman Awad (@logaretm) on CodePen.

Field-level Validation

You can define validation rules for your fields using the Field component, your rules can be as simple as a function that accepts the current value and returns an error message.

vue<template>
  <Form>
    <Field name="field" :rules="isRequired" />
    <ErrorMessage name="field" />
  </Form>
</template>

<script>
import { Field, Form, ErrorMessage } from 'vee-validate';

export default {
  components: {
    Field,
    Form,
    ErrorMessage,
  },
  methods: {
    isRequired(value) {
      if (value && value.trim()) {
        return true;
      }

      return 'This is required';
    },
  },
};
</script>

Validating fields with yup

yup is a very popular, simple and powerful data validation library for JavaScript, you can use it in combination with vee-validate, You can use yup to define your validation rules for that field:

vue<template>
  <Form>
    <Field name="password" type="password" :rules="passwordRules" />
    <ErrorMessage name="password" />
  </Form>
</template>

<script>
import { Field, Form, ErrorMessage } from 'vee-validate';
import * as yup from 'yup';

export default {
  components: {
    Field,
    Form,
    ErrorMessage,
  },
  data() {
    return {
      passwordRules: yup.string().required().min(8),
    };
  },
};
</script>

For more information on the Field component, read the API reference.

Form-level Validation

vee-validate supports using a validation schema to define all your validations on your fields beforehand so you don't have to define them individually on your fields. Form-level validation is convenient if you are building large forms and want to keep your templates cleaner.

A simple validation schema can be an object containing field names as keys and validation functions as the value for those keys:

vue<template>
  <Form @submit="submit" :validation-schema="simpleSchema">
    <Field name="email" />
    <ErrorMessage name="email" />

    <Field name="password" type="password" />
    <ErrorMessage name="password" />

    <button>Submit</button>
  </Form>
</template>

<script>
import { Form, Field, ErrorMessage } from 'vee-validate';

export default {
  components: {
    Form,
    Field,
    ErrorMessage,
  },
  data() {
    const simpleSchema = {
      email(value) {
        // validate email value...
      },
      name(value) {
        // validate name value...
      },
      // If you defined global rules you can also use them
      password: 'required|min:8',
      // ...
    };

    return {
      simpleSchema,
    };
  },
};
</script>

Validation schemas with yup

Fortunately there is already a very neat way to build validation schemas for your forms by using yup, it allows you create validation objects like this:

jsconst schema = yup.object({
  email: yup.string().required().email(),
  name: yup.string().required(),
  password: yup.string().required().min(8),
});

vee-validate has built-in support for yup schemas, You can pass your schemas to the <Form /> component using the validation-schema prop:

vue<template>
  <Form @submit="submit" :validation-schema="schema">
    <Field name="email" />
    <ErrorMessage name="email" />

    <Field name="password" type="password" />
    <ErrorMessage name="password" />

    <button>Submit</button>
  </Form>
</template>

<script>
import { Form, Field, ErrorMessage } from 'vee-validate';
import * as yup from 'yup';

export default {
  components: {
    Form,
    Field,
    ErrorMessage,
  },
  data() {
    const schema = yup.object({
      email: yup.string().required().email(),
      password: yup.string().required().min(8),
    });

    return {
      schema,
    };
  },
};
</script>

For more information on the Form component, read the API reference.

Reactive Form Schema

You can have reactive form schemas using computed if you are looking to create dynamic schemas using either yup or a validation object.

jsimport * as yup from 'yup';

export default {
  data: () => ({
    min: 6,
  }),
  computed: {
    schema() {
      return yup.object({
        password: yup.string().min(this.min),
      });
    },
  },
};

vue<template>
  <Form @submit="submit" :validation-schema="schema">
    <Field name="password" type="password" />
    <ErrorMessage name="password" />

    <button>Submit</button>
  </Form>
</template>

<script>
import { Form, Field, ErrorMessage } from 'vee-validate';
import * as yup from 'yup';

export default {
  components: {
    Form,
    Field,
    ErrorMessage,
  },
  data: () => ({
    min: 6,
  }),
  computed: {
    schema() {
      return yup.object({
        password: yup.string().min(this.min),
      });
    },
  },
};
</script>

When the validation schema changes, only the fields that were validated at least once will be re-validated, the other fields won't be validated to avoid aggressive validation behavior.

Validation Behavior

By default vee-validate runs validation in these scenarios:

After field value change

• When a change event is dispatched/emitted
• value changed externally (model update or others)

Note that input event is not considered to be a trigger because it would make it too aggressive, you can configure the triggers in the next section to suit your needs.

After Rules change

• Only if the field was validated before via user interaction

After field is blurred

• Field has been blurred (blur event was emitted)

After form submissions

• When the form has been submitted with either handleSubmit or submitForm on the <Form /> component slot props

Customizing Validation Triggers

By default vee-validate adds multiple event listeners to your fields:

• input: Adds a handleChange handler that updates the field value, and it may validate if configured to do so (may update meta.dirty flag if the value changed).
• change: Adds a handleChange handler that updates the field value and validates the field (may update meta.dirty flag if the value changed).
• blur: Adds a handleBlur handler that updates the meta.touched flag.
• update:modelValue Adds a handleChange handler to components emitting the update:modelValue event

Notice that in all of these, the handleChange handler is the only one that triggers validation. You can configure if a handler should validate by using the configure helper:

jsimport { configure } from 'vee-validate';

// Default values
configure({
  validateOnBlur: true, // controls if `blur` events should trigger validation with `handleChange` handler
  validateOnChange: true, // controls if `change` events should trigger validation with `handleChange` handler
  validateOnInput: false, // controls if `input` events should trigger validation with `handleChange` handler
  validateOnModelUpdate: true, // controls if `update:modelValue` events should trigger validation with `handleChange` handler
});

Note that configuring any of these options to false will not remove all the events, they only control if each event triggers a validation check or not.

This might not be flexible enough for your needs, which is why you can define the same config per Field component instance:

vue<!-- Turns off validation events -->
<Field name="email" :validateOnBlur="false" :validateOnChange="false" :validateOnInput="false" />

Additionally if you need to use different events or have specific needs in mind, you can control which events to listen to by using the scoped-slot handleChange prop of the <Field /> component and binding it to the desired event:

vue<!-- Listen to all events, this is the default behavior -->
<Field v-slot="{ field }">
  <input v-bind="field" />
</Field>

<!-- Only validate when the change event is dispatched -->
<Field v-slot="{ field, handleChange }">
  <input @change="handleChange" :value="field.value" />
</Field>

In addition to those events, you can also validate when the <Field /> or <Form /> components are mounted with validateOnMount prop present on both components:

vue<!-- Trigger validation when this field is mounted (initial validation) -->
<Field name="name" validate-on-mount />

<!-- Trigger validation on all fields inside this form when the form is mounted -->
<Form validate-on-mount>
  <Field name="email" />
  <Field name="password" />
</Form>

You can also specify if a handleChange call should trigger validation or not by providing the second argument:

vue<!-- Only update field value without validating it -->
<Field v-slot="{ field, handleChange }">
  <input @change="$event => handleChange($event, false)" :value="field.value" />
</Field>

vue<Field name="file" v-slot="{ handleChange, handleBlur }">
  <input type="file" @change="handleChange" @blur="handleBlur" />
</Field>

vue<Field v-slot="{ handleChange, value }">
  <CustomInput :modelValue="value" @update:modelValue="handleChange" />
</Field>

Displaying Error Messages

Using the Field slot-props

If you intend to use the scoped slot on the Field component, you can access errors or errorMessage on the scoped slot props to render your messages:

vue<Field name="field" :rules="rules" v-slot="{ field, errors, errorMessage }">
  <input v-bind="field" type="text" />
  <span>{{ errors[0] }}</span>
  <!-- Or -->
  <span>{{ errorMessage }}</span>
</Field>

This is convenient if you have a complex markup for your input and would like to keep everything contained within, it also allows you to create input components with built-in validation.

Using the Form slot-props

As you noticed the <Form /> component gives you access to the errors on its scoped-slot props which you can use to display any error messages for any <Field /> within that form:

vue<Form v-slot="{ errors }">
  <Field name="field" :rules="rules" />
  {{ errors.field }}
</Form>

and if you would like, you could display all error messages for your fields by iterating over the errors object:

vue<Form v-slot="{ errors }">
  <template v-if="Object.keys(errors).length">
    <p>Please correct the following errors</p>
    <ul>
      <li v-for="(message, field) in errors" :key="field">
        {{ message }}
      </li>
    </ul>
  </template>

  <Field name="name" :rules="rules" />
  <Field name="email" :rules="rules" />
  <Field name="password" :rules="rules" />
</Form>

Using ErrorMessage component

You've seen how the ErrorMessage works in the previous examples, by default the ErrorMessage component renders a span but you can specify any kind of HTML element or global component to the as prop.

vue<Form>
  <Field name="field" :rules="rules" />
  <!-- Render the error message as a div element -->
  <ErrorMessage name="field" as="div" />
</Form>

The <ErrorMessage /> component is very flexible and you can customize its render output with scoped slots to build complex messages markup, read the ErrorMessage API reference for more information.

Custom Field Labels

More often than not, your fields will have names with underscores or shorthands which isn't very nice when showing in error messages, for example, you might have specific encoding to your field names because they might be generated by the backend. Ideally, you want to avoid having messages like:

txtThe down_p is required

And instead, show something more meaningful to the user

txtThe down payment is required

You can do this in two ways depending on which validators you are using (yup or global validators).

With yup it is very straightforward, you just need to call label() after defining your field's validations either in field level or form level:

jsconst schema = Yup.object({
  email_addr: Yup.string().email().required().label('Email Address'),
  acc_pazzword: Yup.string().min(5).required().label('Your Password'),
});

Here is a live example:

If you are interested in how to do the same for global validators check the i18n guide

Validation Metadata

Field-level Meta

Each field has metadata associated with it, the meta property available on the <Field /> component contains additional information about the field:

• valid: The current field validity, automatically updated for you.
• touched: If the field was blurred (unfocused), can be updated with the handleBlur function or setTouched on the field's slot scope props.
• dirty: If the field value was updated, you cannot change its value.
• pending: If the field's validations are still running, useful for long-running async validation.
• initialValue: The field's initial value, is undefined if you didn't specify any.

vue<Field name="email" type="email" :rules="validateEmail" v-slot="{ field, meta }">
  <input v-bind="field" />
  <pre>{{ meta }}</pre>
</Field>

This is the typescript interface for a field's meta-object value

tsinterface FieldMeta {
  dirty: boolean;
  pending: boolean;
  touched: boolean;
  valid: boolean;
  initialValue: any;
}

vue<Field name="email" value="" type="email" v-slot="{ field, meta }">
  <input v-bind="field" />
  <pre>{{ meta }}</pre>
</Field>

vue<Field name="email" type="email" :rules="validateEmail" v-slot="{ field, errorMessage, meta }">
  <input v-bind="field" />
  <span v-if="errorMessage">⛔️ {{ errorMessage }}</span>
  <span v-if="meta.valid && meta.touched">✅ Field is valid</span>
</Field>

Form-level Meta

Forms also have their own meta value containing useful information about the form, it is an aggregation of the metadata for the fields inside that form.

The form's metadata properties are:

• valid: The form's validity status, will be true if the errors array is empty. After the form is mounted, vee-validate will update the flag to its accurate state
• touched: If at least one field was blurred (unfocused) inside the form.
• dirty: If at least one field's value was updated.
• pending: If at least one field's validation is still pending.
• initialValues: All fields' initial values, packed into an object where the keys are the field names.

vue<Form v-slot="{ meta }">
  <!-- Some fields -->
  <pre>{{ meta }}</pre>
</Form>

Here is a similar example where we disable the form's submit button if no value was changed, we will check the dirty flag on the form's scoped slot props which should tell us if the form values have changed or not.

vue<template>
  <Form v-slot="{ meta }" :initial-values="initialValues">
    <Field name="email" />

    <button :disabled="!meta.dirty">Submit</button>
  </Form>
</template>

<script>
import { Field, Form } from 'vee-validate';

export default {
  components: {
    Field,
    Form,
  },
  data() {
    return {
      initialValues: { email: '' },
    };
  },
};
</script>

vue<Form v-slot="{ meta, errors }">
  <Field name="email" type="email" :rules="validateEmail" />
  <span v-if="errors.email">⛔️ {{ errors.email }}</span>
  <span v-if="meta.valid && meta.touched">✅ Form is valid</span>
</Form>